Tungsten Copper Liner

Tungsten copper liner is made of copper tungsten and face-centered cubic structure of body-centered cubic structure consisting of neither miscible, nor a two-phase mixed structure of intermetallic compounds, often referred to as a pseudo-alloy. Therefore, it has both high strength and hardness, low coefficient of expansion characteristics of tungsten; while there are high plasticity of copper, good electrical and thermal conductivity, this unique combination of properties make tungsten copper alloy is widely used especially due sigh tungsten copper alloy tungsten composite having a high density and high toughness of copper and attention. 

Tungsten Copper Liner Picture

Tungsten copper liner is very sensitive to bomb high charge, the rapid decline in large frying depth to compete with armor, the best fried high as 3 times the diameter size. This is also the presence of tungsten copper liner in common: in a small frying condition of high depth of their armor comparable copper liners increased by about 30%, but to compete in the big frying performance is deteriorating rapidly, the jet can not get ductility. Furthermore, since the metal powder alloy and illiquid, with filling, pressing process many random factors, so that the amount of Liner quality (ie density) distribution is difficult to control, so the performance is unstable, wearing dark volatile A pair of which is to be desired.

Tungsten copper shaped combination of high density and ductility of tungsten copper, compared to copper liners have higher power and armor shaped effect. The disadvantage is that tungsten and copper can not dissolve each other, and because of the density difference between the two large, easy to form when gravity segregation caused by compression molding liners inhomogeneous density distribution.

Tungsten copper alloy as an ideal material for liners, but there is more in the preparation process issue, tungsten copper alloy bonding strength is poor, molding material difficulties; its wear deep fried sensitive to high variability, it should only lower Fried use under high conditions.

Any feedback or inquiry of tungsten copper alloy products please feel free to contact us via sales@chinatungsten.com

Tungsten Copper Liner

Tungsten copper alloy is made of copper tungsten and face-centered cubic structure of body-centered cubic structure consisting of neither miscible, nor a two-phase mixed structure of intermetallic compounds, often referred to as a pseudo-alloy. Therefore, it has both high strength and hardness, low coefficient of expansion characteristics of tungsten; while there are high plasticity of copper, good electrical and thermal conductivity, this unique combination of properties make tungsten copper alloy is widely used especially due sigh tungsten copper alloy tungsten composite having a high density and high toughness of copper and attention. 

tungsten copper liner picture

Tungsten copper liner is very sensitive to bomb high charge, the rapid decline in large frying depth to compete with armor, the best fried high as 3 times the diameter size. This is also the presence of tungsten copper liner in common: in a small frying condition of high depth of their armor comparable copper liners increased by about 30%, but to compete in the big frying performance is deteriorating rapidly, the jet can not get ductility. Furthermore, since the metal powder alloy and illiquid, with filling, pressing process many random factors, so that the amount of Liner quality (ie density) distribution is difficult to control, so the performance is unstable, wearing dark volatile A pair of which is to be desired.

Tungsten copper shaped combination of high density and ductility of tungsten copper, compared to copper liners have higher power and armor shaped effect. The disadvantage is that tungsten and copper can not dissolve each other, and because of the density difference between the two large, easy to form when gravity segregation caused by compression molding liners inhomogeneous density distribution.

Tungsten copper alloy as an ideal material for liners, but there is more in the preparation process issue, tungsten copper alloy bonding strength is poor, molding material difficulties; its wear deep fried sensitive to high variability, it should only lower Fried use under high conditions.

Any feedback or inquiry of tungsten copper alloy products please feel free to contact us via sales@chinatungsten.com

Tungsten Copper Liner Warm Flow Compaction

Tungsten copper liner is a kind of psudoalloy that composed of W and Cu, which is immiscible and forming compound with each other. So it is difficult to fabricate by common pressing-sintering process, the most widely used in tungsten copper products is powder metallurgy (PM), which includes infiltration and activated liquid-phase sintering. Infiltration presses tungsten powder into a compact, at a certain temperature pre-sinter the porous tungsten skeleton with density and strength. And then the low melting point of the molten liquid copper is infiltrated tungsten skeleton in order to obtain tungsten copper alloy with fully densified. The main mechanism is the liquid metal wetting porous matrix metal, under the effect of capillary forces along the inter-particle pore liquid copper flows and fills pores of the porous tungsten skeleton.

According to the sintering temperature, infiltration process can be specifically divided into sinter tungsten skeleton at high temperature + Cu infiltrated and sinter composite powder at low temperature + Cu infiltrated. Sinter tungsten skeleton at high temperature + Cu infiltrated presses tungsten powder into a compact before sinter and infiltrated Cu at 1800-2200℃. Since the tungsten powder at a high temperature to fully restore the remaining low-melting impurities and sub-oxides can be restored by evaporation gasification and thermal decomposition was removed, thus prepared tungsten copper shaped relative density of 99.2% comprehensive and excellent performance.

However, it also has some disadvantages, such as long production cycle, the control parameters are many and complex and high production cost. While sinter composite powder at low temperature + Cu infiltrated is mixed with a small amount of induced copper before sintering and infiltration. Generally, induced copper content of about 2.5% -3.5% and the granularity is similar to tungsten powder, which can effectively improve the compacting performance and the flowability of liquid Cu. But too much of the added amount of copper will result in enrichment-induced infiltration of copper, so that the overall the density of tungsten copper liner decreases.

Overall, compared with the injection molding suitable for the smaller components, warm flow compaction is more suitable for the larger components with complex structure and shape. It has higher requirements on the granularity of raw material and is sensitive to the temperature changes and the amounts of binder. Low temperature may cause mixing powder flow properties deteriorated, so that the tungsten copper shaped charge density distribution can not be molded or uneven. High temperature may obviously separate the two phase (the mixed powder and the binder). The excessive amount of adhesive may cause infiltrated tungsten skeleton pore through the large, so that the density decreases and easily deformed. In addition, warm flow compaction combines the advantages of injection molding and warm compacting process, and it can effectively improve the density, the penetration depth and armor capability of tungsten copper liner, which is the ideal choice for tungsten copper liner manufacturing in the future.

Cu Content Effect on Tungsten Copper Liner

Tungsten copper liner is considered as the heart of ammunition, which not only has high hardness, high strength and low coefficient of thermal expansion of W, but also has good plasticity and excellent thermal and electrical conductivity of Cu. Compared with single metal liner, this kind of composite liner has many advantages, such more reasonable energy conversion and absorption mechanism, fuller utilization of chemical energy, better performance in armor, lower cost, a broader application prospect and so on. With the production technology and process innovation, dense liner gradually is replaced by powder liners.

Since tungsten copper powder liner has high density, good ductility, deep penetration, less plugging and other advantages, it has been play an important role in shaped charge and some military fields. But in the process of tungsten copper liner, with the increasing temperature, Cu loss is always an inevitable problem. Cu loss will reduce the density and strength of materials. Related researchers based on pressure pressing, sintering temperature and time factors on the rate of variation of copper analyzed, and summed up the impact of copper and relative density on jet liner properties for the preparation of tungsten-copper powder liner offers theoretical basis. The experiments show that he rate of copper sintered samples with the pressing pressure increases with increasing sintering time and sintering temperature decreases, Cu loss is opposite. This is due to:

1. The pressure increases effectively narrows the distance of W grains, which reduces the Cu loss from the inside and slows internal material Cu particles outward evaporation rate;

2. The increasing pressure enlarges the contact area of Cu surface that the original Cu particles have a larger free energy in the melting process is easier and the adjacent Cu particles fuse to form larger particles. And it reduces the volatile rate of fine particles at high temperature that the content of Cu remained stable. Therefore, the content of Cu impact on the jet penetration is significant less than the relative density, but plays an important role in the stability of the jet. The smaller the rate of copper loss, the liner jet penetration is more stable.

Tungsten Powder Granularity Effect on Armor Capability of Tungsten Copper Liner

In recent years, tungsten copper is one of the most outstanding materials for the liner. Liner is the key part of shaped charge, which quality directly determines the penetration and armor capability of warhead blast. Compared with conventional liner, the powder liner has many advantages, such as high density, excellent thermal conductivity, good elongation, flexible composition ratio, better moldability and so on. Penetrating analysis based on fluid dynamics theory, it can be avoided to a large extent from the phenomenon of blocking pestle to form a longer and stable jet. Tungsten powder shape, size and size distribution can have a significant impact on the powder compaction and sintering process and the final product performance, thus affecting the performance liner shaped and penetration depth.

The experiment uses mixed - pressing sintering process, and put the compacting liner blank into high-temperature tube furnace, after 70min gradually warmed to 750℃ and holding 20min. Then use instantaneous electric detonator at the top of the midpoint detonating the static penetration power experiment. From the uniformity of powder liners isometric high radial position analyses, its runout and wall thickness substantially unchanged. The density distribution is analyzed in the axial direction, typically the maximum density at the top of the bottom of the minimum density, a decreasing trend was up and down. Detecting the use of Archimedes powder liners green density can be found in between 45-62μm tungsten powder particle granularity, with the decrease of tungsten powder particle size, density and relative density of the compact tungsten-copper powder liner and sintered density showed a trend of increasing. While maintaining the same quality with sub-fractions, process, particle size and other conditions of 60 ° tungsten powder copper shaped the static penetration test can be found with the decrease of the particle size of tungsten powder, powder liner break a depth showed an increasing trend and a significant improvement in the performance of armor.

Tungsten Copper Liner and Terminal Sensitive Projectile

Recently, famous Chinese scientist Yang Shaoqing ammunition invited in the CCTV program for the audience of a presentation mysterious "Tank Terminator" – terminal sensitive projectile. Terminal sensitive projectile is also called as sensor detonated ammunition, which is a new kind of anti-armor weapon developed in 1970s. It can detect the presence of a target terminal ballistics, and can make warhead explosion direction towards the goal, mainly for autonomous attack armored vehicles top armor, it has long distance, high hit rate, good penetration effect in the 21st century information battlefield.

TSP is composed of major shells and propellant charge composition. Major missile includes elastomers, time fuze, projectile structure, end-sensitized bullets. And the end-sensitized bullet consists of save spin and steady deceleration scanning systems, sensor systems, central controller, advanced warhead, power, etc. Wherein the central controller is equivalent sensitivity projectile brain centers, its main role is to drive control, data acquisition, signal conversion and fire decision-making. But the final damage caused to the target is the EFP warhead. EFP-Explosively-Formed Projectile, heat liner formed by long thin jet of metal armor, except that after the EFP warhead explosion, shaped charge liner crushed deformed, forming a stout and dense penetrator pills, which speeds up about 2000 m/s, less than the shaped charge jet velocity (8000 m/s), the jet penetration is deeper.

TSP self-forging fragment warhead usually uses heavy metals to fabricate metal liner, which requires good ductility, high density and a reasonable price. From the properties, gold and rhenium is appropriate, but they cost a lot; although depleted uranium armor can meet the requirements, it still radioactive and many countries oppose to use. So copper used widely in liner in early days. Today, tantalum and tungsten copper liner is two main types of liner materials. Tungsten copper shaped charge jet of tungsten have a higher head speed at the time of penetrating armor can shorten the time through, thereby facilitating against reactive armor. But its crisp texture and poor powder adhesion, good ductility copper added contribute to its shape, so the stability of the jet improved and prevent from breaking.

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