Today's standard material of tungsten barrel is Tungsten-Nickel-Iron. Tungsten is a very dense material, so darts with a considerable weight can be made quite slim. However, before the tungsten revolution darts were mainly made of brass. Not only has the density of tungsten and anti-corrosion, while a brass color, copper tungsten darts has become the best choice for many people.
Tungsten copper dart is a much softer material. To show the color of brass, they generally with about 70%~80% Tungsten content. Some darters, especially old-timers, like the grip of these darts as the metal surface develops microscopic pits after they have been thrown for a while. Tungsten copper dart has become much less common in recent years, with Nickel/Tungsten darts becoming the primary type of high-density darts.
To make the game of darts successful there is dart equipment involved. It includes dartboards, shafts, dart, barrels, flights and other accessories. Today, there are many companies that manufacture dart equipment with international standards. The dartboard used internationally is also called a “clock face” dartboard, and it is made of rope fiber that is compressed under tremendous pressure. The surface is made smooth and screen-printed with different types of color combinations. Lastly, with the help of wires and stapled rings, it is given radial movement. Darts or barrels are cylindrical, pointed equipments that are thrown by hand onto the dartboard.
There are different types of material that darts are made of. They are brass, tungsten/silver, copper, etc. Usually, three darts make a set. Flights are the tails or wings of the darts that help to stabilize the movement. These flights are made of different material like soft and hard flights, and nylon and dimplex or ribtex flights. Shafts support the body of the darts and can be made of plastic, composite, spinning and solid aluminum shafts. The dartboard and darts are hard-core dart equipment, whereas, the shafts and the flights are dart accessories.
2013年8月22日星期四
Tungsten Copper Dart Barrel
Tungsten copper dart is made of the material of tungsten copper alloy. Tungsten copper alloy has the features of tungsten and copper ,which is a very dense material and it has a good machinability, so it is a good choice to make as a slim tungsten cooper dart to give user a safe and easy grip. The tungsten copper dart barrel is the main part of a tungsten copper dart. When we are speaking of "buying a (new) dart" we mean getting a new dart barrel. Nowadays barrels are available in almost every possible shape, with a wide selection of knurl or rings on the surface for a comfortable and safe grip.
Because of technical difficulties with manufacturing 100% tungsten dart barrels are not available. All "tungsten" darts you can buy are in fact made of tungsten alloys, actually now a dart made of tungsten copper alloy is becoming more and more popular among all kinds of the customers and many manufacturers.
We are specializing in supplying all kinds of tungsten copper dart barrels. We can offer various range of tungsten copper barrels, including W-Ni-Fe, W-Ni-Cu, W-Ni-Cu-Fe, etc. Also we own mature technique of surface grinding and centre-less processing. We can also manufacture darts according to customers' specific designs.
Because of technical difficulties with manufacturing 100% tungsten dart barrels are not available. All "tungsten" darts you can buy are in fact made of tungsten alloys, actually now a dart made of tungsten copper alloy is becoming more and more popular among all kinds of the customers and many manufacturers.
We are specializing in supplying all kinds of tungsten copper dart barrels. We can offer various range of tungsten copper barrels, including W-Ni-Fe, W-Ni-Cu, W-Ni-Cu-Fe, etc. Also we own mature technique of surface grinding and centre-less processing. We can also manufacture darts according to customers' specific designs.
2013年8月15日星期四
Profiting from misery in Katanga
I have just left Katanga in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), where my colleague Lisa Tassi and I were following up on Amnesty International’s work on mining and human rights in the region.
In some ways this is easy to do. Besides mining – mostly of copper and cobalt – precious little happens in southern Katanga. But two very different methods are employed to extract these minerals. Industrial mining, involving large multinational companies, is managed from air-conditioned offices and carried out with heavy equipment; small-scale artisanal mining is frequently done in sweltering heat by men (and in some cases boys under the age of 18) working with basic tools.
Artisanal mining can be a desperate business. On top of suffering harsh work conditions, many creuseurs – meaning “diggers”, as the miners are known locally – are ruthlessly exploited by traders who buy from them along a largely opaque supply chain. In theory the state has some oversight of the system, but the reality is quite different.
Earlier this year Amnesty International published a report exposing the horrendous conditions at an artisanal mining site in Katanga called Tilwezembe. One of the things we tried to unravel on our return visit is where minerals from sites such as Tilwezembe actually end up. Traders are key to that process.
But the supply chain to take the minerals mined by creuseurs out of Katanga is complex. It operates with virtually no oversight, and no meaningful paper trail to enable minerals to be tracked from source to export.
Katanga’s mineral traders include individuals who buy and sell as well as separate trading companies, some of which also process ore. In some cases, creuseurs work at mine sites controlled by these trading companies. The state (or the state mining company, Gécamines) gives these companies control, but seems to impose few safeguards. And so the creuseurs working the site – often through a deal between the trader and an artisanal mining cooperative – are obliged to sell directly to the trading company, with no system in place to ensure they get a fair price.
Creuseurs, who may work underground for many hours each day, regularly report that they feel cheated by this system where they have to take what they are offered with no way to challenge the traders. Because they must survive, they have no choice but to accept these unfair terms of business.
There is also very little done to ensure safety at the artisanal mine sites, and every year scores of creuseurs are killed or seriously injured. Although SAESSCAM – the government agency charged with training and assisting artisanal miners – is generally present at these sites, it has insufficient resources and limited power.
We have been trying this last week to find out what happens to the copper and cobalt that is mined in such terrible conditions. Much of it goes to China, but who buys it and can we talk to them? The answer is no, because Katanga’s byzantine trading pipeline makes it almost impossible to track ore as it changes hands from an artisanal mine site to a trader to a processor and on to export, let alone track it to the final destination.
In Kolwezi, a centre for much of the copper and cobalt trade, we visited a depot where dozens of traders (Congolese and foreign) buy from creuseurs who arrive with sacks of minerals on bikes. Some of the creuseurs tell us that no questions are asked here – they bring, they sell; no-one who buys from them knows where the ore comes from. They do not, themselves, have any way to measure the concentration of the ore they have mined. And so they accept the price. But they tell us that here, at least, they are free to offer their ore to a range of traders and sell to the highest bidder.
By contrast, creuseurs working on sites controlled by trading companies face a monopoly. One man we met at the Kolwezi depot told us he worked on a site controlled by a trader and had smuggled out some ore to sell at the depot, as the price on site was too little for the hours of work and he felt he was not getting a fair deal.
We talked to some of the buyers at one of the depot’s many trading stalls – in this case a group of Chinese and Congolese who had erected a makeshift desk, and had a scale, a calculator and a box of cash. They were none too happy to see us, and they politely – but firmly – evaded our queries about where the ore comes from and goes to. It comes from all over Katanga and goes to various processing companies, they say. There is no paperwork that we can see – and when we ask about a paper trail, the traders will not answer.
The traders sell to others inside Katanga where the ore is processed (or not) before being sent out of the country, often by the truckload across the Zambian border. Export paperwork gets filled out and filed, but by this stage in the process the origin of the minerals has already been obscured.
The life of a creuseur is harsh. The Congolese authorities can – and must – do more to protect people from exploitative and harmful working conditions. But those who buy the ore along the supply chain can also make a difference, if they insist on knowing from which sites the ore or minerals come and the conditions on site and the conditions under which it continues to be traded. Key questions need to be asked and information verified. However, this kind of due diligence is impossible if there is no proper recording and oversight, and if traders can buy and export without anyone being able to tell if the minerals are extracted in appalling conditions.
In other parts of the DRC, including the Kivus, Maniema and northern Katanga, a system has been put in place for tracing tin, tantalum, tungsten and gold, and building documentation. If it can be done in these areas, then why not extend the programme to Katanga’s cobalt and copper sector?
Efforts to ensure fair work conditions for creuseurs have to take account of the fact that there is practically no other livelihood on offer to many Katanga residents. The answer is not to prevent artisanal mining but to make it a safer and fairer business until longer-term solutions are found.
In some ways this is easy to do. Besides mining – mostly of copper and cobalt – precious little happens in southern Katanga. But two very different methods are employed to extract these minerals. Industrial mining, involving large multinational companies, is managed from air-conditioned offices and carried out with heavy equipment; small-scale artisanal mining is frequently done in sweltering heat by men (and in some cases boys under the age of 18) working with basic tools.
Artisanal mining can be a desperate business. On top of suffering harsh work conditions, many creuseurs – meaning “diggers”, as the miners are known locally – are ruthlessly exploited by traders who buy from them along a largely opaque supply chain. In theory the state has some oversight of the system, but the reality is quite different.
Earlier this year Amnesty International published a report exposing the horrendous conditions at an artisanal mining site in Katanga called Tilwezembe. One of the things we tried to unravel on our return visit is where minerals from sites such as Tilwezembe actually end up. Traders are key to that process.
But the supply chain to take the minerals mined by creuseurs out of Katanga is complex. It operates with virtually no oversight, and no meaningful paper trail to enable minerals to be tracked from source to export.
Katanga’s mineral traders include individuals who buy and sell as well as separate trading companies, some of which also process ore. In some cases, creuseurs work at mine sites controlled by these trading companies. The state (or the state mining company, Gécamines) gives these companies control, but seems to impose few safeguards. And so the creuseurs working the site – often through a deal between the trader and an artisanal mining cooperative – are obliged to sell directly to the trading company, with no system in place to ensure they get a fair price.
Creuseurs, who may work underground for many hours each day, regularly report that they feel cheated by this system where they have to take what they are offered with no way to challenge the traders. Because they must survive, they have no choice but to accept these unfair terms of business.
There is also very little done to ensure safety at the artisanal mine sites, and every year scores of creuseurs are killed or seriously injured. Although SAESSCAM – the government agency charged with training and assisting artisanal miners – is generally present at these sites, it has insufficient resources and limited power.
We have been trying this last week to find out what happens to the copper and cobalt that is mined in such terrible conditions. Much of it goes to China, but who buys it and can we talk to them? The answer is no, because Katanga’s byzantine trading pipeline makes it almost impossible to track ore as it changes hands from an artisanal mine site to a trader to a processor and on to export, let alone track it to the final destination.
In Kolwezi, a centre for much of the copper and cobalt trade, we visited a depot where dozens of traders (Congolese and foreign) buy from creuseurs who arrive with sacks of minerals on bikes. Some of the creuseurs tell us that no questions are asked here – they bring, they sell; no-one who buys from them knows where the ore comes from. They do not, themselves, have any way to measure the concentration of the ore they have mined. And so they accept the price. But they tell us that here, at least, they are free to offer their ore to a range of traders and sell to the highest bidder.
By contrast, creuseurs working on sites controlled by trading companies face a monopoly. One man we met at the Kolwezi depot told us he worked on a site controlled by a trader and had smuggled out some ore to sell at the depot, as the price on site was too little for the hours of work and he felt he was not getting a fair deal.
We talked to some of the buyers at one of the depot’s many trading stalls – in this case a group of Chinese and Congolese who had erected a makeshift desk, and had a scale, a calculator and a box of cash. They were none too happy to see us, and they politely – but firmly – evaded our queries about where the ore comes from and goes to. It comes from all over Katanga and goes to various processing companies, they say. There is no paperwork that we can see – and when we ask about a paper trail, the traders will not answer.
The traders sell to others inside Katanga where the ore is processed (or not) before being sent out of the country, often by the truckload across the Zambian border. Export paperwork gets filled out and filed, but by this stage in the process the origin of the minerals has already been obscured.
The life of a creuseur is harsh. The Congolese authorities can – and must – do more to protect people from exploitative and harmful working conditions. But those who buy the ore along the supply chain can also make a difference, if they insist on knowing from which sites the ore or minerals come and the conditions on site and the conditions under which it continues to be traded. Key questions need to be asked and information verified. However, this kind of due diligence is impossible if there is no proper recording and oversight, and if traders can buy and export without anyone being able to tell if the minerals are extracted in appalling conditions.
In other parts of the DRC, including the Kivus, Maniema and northern Katanga, a system has been put in place for tracing tin, tantalum, tungsten and gold, and building documentation. If it can be done in these areas, then why not extend the programme to Katanga’s cobalt and copper sector?
Efforts to ensure fair work conditions for creuseurs have to take account of the fact that there is practically no other livelihood on offer to many Katanga residents. The answer is not to prevent artisanal mining but to make it a safer and fairer business until longer-term solutions are found.
Tungsten Copper Machining
The principal Tungsten/Copper alloys contain from 2% to 45% copper by weight. The addition of copper increases the thermal conductivity of the alloy while reducing the hardness and modulus of rupture.
The machining and grinding characteristics of tungsten/copper alloys are similar to those of hard grey cast iron. Being non-porous, standard water soluble coolants may be used if desired, but are not required. Each machine shop usually has its individual machining or grinding practice and, therefore, the information presented should be considered as a guide only.
Tool: Carballoy, grade 883 or equivalent. Grind tools with 0 deg. rake, 8-12 deg. clearance, and .010" to .025" nose radius. The nose radius can increase with the size of the work. For fine finish, stone small flat on tool parallel to work. Suggest resting stone on work when honing tool.
Turning & Boring: Roughing, approximately .030" deep and .020" per revolution feed. Finishing, .002" to.005" depth of cut and .001" to .002" per revolution feed. Turning speed, 300-500 surface feet per minute. Do not use lubricant or coolant.
Shaping: Tool Speed: 43" per minute for Tungsten-Copper 25% alloy.
Depth of Cut: .030"
Feed: .020" per stroke
Milling: Drilling High Speed steel drills and taps may be used.
Through Tapping: Holes are recommended. Material must be firmly held. Hand feed-lubricant and cutting oil acceptable.
Rough Grinding: Is best done with 80 grit resin bonded wheels of medium hardness; .015" per pass on Tungsten-Copper 25% alloy. Use water or water soluble oil coolant.
Joining: Material may be silver brazed, or copper brazed in a hydrogen atmosphere.
We hope the preceding information will be helpful.
The machining and grinding characteristics of tungsten/copper alloys are similar to those of hard grey cast iron. Being non-porous, standard water soluble coolants may be used if desired, but are not required. Each machine shop usually has its individual machining or grinding practice and, therefore, the information presented should be considered as a guide only.
Tool: Carballoy, grade 883 or equivalent. Grind tools with 0 deg. rake, 8-12 deg. clearance, and .010" to .025" nose radius. The nose radius can increase with the size of the work. For fine finish, stone small flat on tool parallel to work. Suggest resting stone on work when honing tool.
Turning & Boring: Roughing, approximately .030" deep and .020" per revolution feed. Finishing, .002" to.005" depth of cut and .001" to .002" per revolution feed. Turning speed, 300-500 surface feet per minute. Do not use lubricant or coolant.
Shaping: Tool Speed: 43" per minute for Tungsten-Copper 25% alloy.
Depth of Cut: .030"
Feed: .020" per stroke
Milling: Drilling High Speed steel drills and taps may be used.
Through Tapping: Holes are recommended. Material must be firmly held. Hand feed-lubricant and cutting oil acceptable.
Rough Grinding: Is best done with 80 grit resin bonded wheels of medium hardness; .015" per pass on Tungsten-Copper 25% alloy. Use water or water soluble oil coolant.
Joining: Material may be silver brazed, or copper brazed in a hydrogen atmosphere.
We hope the preceding information will be helpful.
Tungsten Copper Composite
Tungsten based composites are strong refractory metal materials manufactured by a strictly controlled process involving pressing, sintering and infiltrating with copper or silver. They are highly resistant to heat, electric arc, wear and deformation at high temperature welding, flash butt and spot welding. They also have excellent electrical and thermal conductivity. The properties of Tungsten composites are related to the copper/silver-to-Tungsten ratio. If the Tungsten content improves, the electric arc and wear resistance will increase while the thermal and electrical conductivity, on the contrary, reduce.
Due to their unique properties, Tungsten based composites are widely used where the combination of good electrical and/or thermal conductivity and low thermal deformation is necessary, for example:
In electric resistance welding as electrical contacts or heat sinks.
In electrodes for electrical discharge machining (EDM) and electrochemical machining (ECM).
CuW50 and CuW55 have the lowest Tungsten contents. They are both good switching and contact materials for oil filled devices. CuW55 is also used for arcing contacts in oil circuit breakers and arcing edges of selectors and switchblades in transformer tap changers.
CuW65 and CuW70 are used as contact materials in severe arcing applications including gas, oil and some air circuit breakers. They are also used for arcing edges on selectors and reversing switch blades.
CuW75 and CuW80 are used as contact materials under extreme arcing conditions. Applications include arcing contacts in gas and oil circuit breakers, contactors and transformer tap changers, arcing plates and arc runners in power switching equipment.
CuW85 and CuW90 have the highest Tungsten content. They are used as contact materials where resistance to contact welding, sticking and arc erosion are critical. They also provide satisfactory heat and current interruption capabilities. Typical applications are power vacuum switches and high power spark gap electrodes, etc..
Due to their unique properties, Tungsten based composites are widely used where the combination of good electrical and/or thermal conductivity and low thermal deformation is necessary, for example:
In electric resistance welding as electrical contacts or heat sinks.
In electrodes for electrical discharge machining (EDM) and electrochemical machining (ECM).
CuW50 and CuW55 have the lowest Tungsten contents. They are both good switching and contact materials for oil filled devices. CuW55 is also used for arcing contacts in oil circuit breakers and arcing edges of selectors and switchblades in transformer tap changers.
CuW65 and CuW70 are used as contact materials in severe arcing applications including gas, oil and some air circuit breakers. They are also used for arcing edges on selectors and reversing switch blades.
CuW75 and CuW80 are used as contact materials under extreme arcing conditions. Applications include arcing contacts in gas and oil circuit breakers, contactors and transformer tap changers, arcing plates and arc runners in power switching equipment.
CuW85 and CuW90 have the highest Tungsten content. They are used as contact materials where resistance to contact welding, sticking and arc erosion are critical. They also provide satisfactory heat and current interruption capabilities. Typical applications are power vacuum switches and high power spark gap electrodes, etc..
Tungsten Copper Alloy
Tungsten Copper is one of numerous metal alloys sold by American Elements under the tradename AE Alloys™. Generally immediately available in most volumes, AE Alloys™ are available as bar, Ingot, ribbon, wire, shot, sheet, and foil. Ultra high purity and high purity forms also include metal powder, submicron powder and nanoscale, targets for thin film deposition, and pellets for chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and physical vapor deposition (PVD) applications. American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia) and follows applicable ASTM testing standards. Typical and custom packaging is available. Primary applications include bearing assembly, ballast, casting, step soldering, and radiation shielding.
Tungsten is a Block D, Group 6, Period 6 element. The number of electrons in each of Tungsten's shells is 2, 8, 18, 32, 12, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2. In its elemental form tungsten's CAS number is 7440-33-7. The tungsten atom has a radius of 137.pm and its Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. Tungsten is considered to be only mildly toxic. Tungsten has the highest melting point of all the metallic elements and was first commercially used in incandescent and fluorescent light bulb filaments, and, later, in early television tubes. The first imaging equipment involved X-ray bombardment of a tungsten target. In January 2013, Kansas State University researchers demonstrated a new nanolayer synthesis method by quickly and efficiently creating layers of tungsten disulfide with structural similarity to graphene, making them a potentially cost-effective nanomaterial for use in lithium-ion batteries in the future. Tungsten expands at nearly the same rate as borosilicate glass and is used to make metal to glass seals. It is the primary metal in heating elements for electric furnaces and in any components where high pressure/temperature environments are expected, such as aerospace and engine systems. Tungsten is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, andcompounds as submicron and nanopowder. Tungsten is found in the minerals wolframite, scheelite, ferberit and hübnerite and was first discovered by Fausto and Juan Jose de Elhuyar in 1783. In reference to its density, Tungsten gets its name from the swedish words tung and sten meaning heavy stone. See Tungsten research below.
Copper is a Block D, Group 11, Period 4 element. The number of electrons in each of Copper's shells is 2, 8, 18, 1 and its electronic configuration is [Ar] 3d10 4s1. In its elemental form copper's CAS number is 7440-50-8. The copper atom has a radius of 127.8 .pm and its Van der Waals radius is 140.pm. Copper is an essential trace element in animals and plants, but in excess copper is toxic. Due to its high electrical conductivity, large amounts of copper are used by the electrical industry for wire. Of all pure metals, only silver has a higher electrical conductivity. Recent research reveals that diluted magnetic semiconductors can be produced using Copper. Copper is also resistant to corrosion caused by moisture, making it a widely used material in pipes, coins, and jewelry. Copper is often too soft for its applications, so it is incorporated in numerous alloys. For example, brass is a copper-zinc alloy, and bronze is a copper-tin alloy. Copper sulfate (CuSO4· H2O), also known as blue vitrol, is the most well-known copper compound. It is used as an agricultural poison, an algicide, and as a pigment for inks. Cuprous chloride (CuCl) is a powder used to absorb carbon dioxide (CO2). Copper cyanide (CuCN) is often used in electroplating applications. Copper is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.9999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Copper was first discovered by Early Man. The origin of the word copper comes from the Latin word 'cuprium' which translates as "metal of Cyprus". Cyprus, a Mediterranean island, was known as an ancient source of mined copper. See Copper research below.
Tungsten is a Block D, Group 6, Period 6 element. The number of electrons in each of Tungsten's shells is 2, 8, 18, 32, 12, 2 and its electronic configuration is [Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2. In its elemental form tungsten's CAS number is 7440-33-7. The tungsten atom has a radius of 137.pm and its Van der Waals radius is 200.pm. Tungsten is considered to be only mildly toxic. Tungsten has the highest melting point of all the metallic elements and was first commercially used in incandescent and fluorescent light bulb filaments, and, later, in early television tubes. The first imaging equipment involved X-ray bombardment of a tungsten target. In January 2013, Kansas State University researchers demonstrated a new nanolayer synthesis method by quickly and efficiently creating layers of tungsten disulfide with structural similarity to graphene, making them a potentially cost-effective nanomaterial for use in lithium-ion batteries in the future. Tungsten expands at nearly the same rate as borosilicate glass and is used to make metal to glass seals. It is the primary metal in heating elements for electric furnaces and in any components where high pressure/temperature environments are expected, such as aerospace and engine systems. Tungsten is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, andcompounds as submicron and nanopowder. Tungsten is found in the minerals wolframite, scheelite, ferberit and hübnerite and was first discovered by Fausto and Juan Jose de Elhuyar in 1783. In reference to its density, Tungsten gets its name from the swedish words tung and sten meaning heavy stone. See Tungsten research below.
Copper is a Block D, Group 11, Period 4 element. The number of electrons in each of Copper's shells is 2, 8, 18, 1 and its electronic configuration is [Ar] 3d10 4s1. In its elemental form copper's CAS number is 7440-50-8. The copper atom has a radius of 127.8 .pm and its Van der Waals radius is 140.pm. Copper is an essential trace element in animals and plants, but in excess copper is toxic. Due to its high electrical conductivity, large amounts of copper are used by the electrical industry for wire. Of all pure metals, only silver has a higher electrical conductivity. Recent research reveals that diluted magnetic semiconductors can be produced using Copper. Copper is also resistant to corrosion caused by moisture, making it a widely used material in pipes, coins, and jewelry. Copper is often too soft for its applications, so it is incorporated in numerous alloys. For example, brass is a copper-zinc alloy, and bronze is a copper-tin alloy. Copper sulfate (CuSO4· H2O), also known as blue vitrol, is the most well-known copper compound. It is used as an agricultural poison, an algicide, and as a pigment for inks. Cuprous chloride (CuCl) is a powder used to absorb carbon dioxide (CO2). Copper cyanide (CuCN) is often used in electroplating applications. Copper is available as metal and compounds with purities from 99% to 99.9999% (ACS grade to ultra-high purity); metals in the form of foil, sputtering target, and rod, and compounds as submicron and nanopowder. Copper was first discovered by Early Man. The origin of the word copper comes from the Latin word 'cuprium' which translates as "metal of Cyprus". Cyprus, a Mediterranean island, was known as an ancient source of mined copper. See Copper research below.
Copper Tungsten Alloy
Copper tungsten alloys are commonly used in EDM electrodes and other electrical and electrical/thermal applications. They are also used for facing and inserts for flash and butt welding dies, projection welding electrodes, seam welding bearing inserts and facing for electro-forming and electro-forging dies.
Although they are somewhat more difficult to machine, tungsten carbide copper materials provide high mechanical properties and excellent resistance to erosion. They are commonly used in oil devices to protect the contact from oxidation.
Although they are somewhat more difficult to machine, tungsten carbide copper materials provide high mechanical properties and excellent resistance to erosion. They are commonly used in oil devices to protect the contact from oxidation.
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