Feds mull looser regs on armor-piercing bullets as Obama calls for end to gun violence
While President Barack Obama is calling for a high-level study to come up with ways to end the nation's "epidemic of gun violence" in the wake of last week's schoolhouse massacre, the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives is seeking comments on the possible easing of regulation on armor piercing bullets.
On Dec. 6 - eight days before the tragic shootings at Sandy Hook Elementary school in Newtown, Conn. - the National Rifle Association's Institute for Legislative Action sent out an alert to members urging them to weigh in on the request, which the ATF made after receiving requests from unnamed sources to review its policies. The comments period closes at the end of the month.
Meanwhile, the president has tasked Vice President Joe Biden, pictured right, to lead an interagency group to explore responses to last week's shootings.
Here's the notice, published on the ATF's website:
"ATF is seeking public comments on specific projectiles or projectile cores which may be used in a handgun and which are constructed entirely from one or a combination of tungsten, alloys, steel, iron, brass, bronze, beryllium, copper or depleted uranium, and whether these projectiles or projectile cores pose a threat to public safety and law enforcement, or are, "primarily intended to be used for sporting purposes" and therefore may be exempted from classification as "armor piercing ammunition."
The request for comments - which is not yet part of a formal rulemaking process and therefore is not available on regulations.gov - is in addition to a series of meetings that the ATF held in late November with law enforcement officials, gun control groups, representatives of the firearms industry, and gun rights groups according to this document posted on the ATF website.
At issue: ammunition that is banned for handguns under a 1986 law because it can pierce body armor. The purpose of the law, says the ATF, was "to protect law enforcement officers by regulating the ammunition that could be loaded into a handgun and would penetrate an officer's bullet resistant vest."
However, law provides for an exemption from the definition for any projectile "which the Attorney General finds is primarily intended to be used for sporting purposes."
With large caliber handguns now being manfactured that take rifle-caliber bullets, there are requests for an exemption so that certain ammunition that can be used in both rifles and handguns remain legal.
The ATF says it is caught between two problems--protecting police officers versus the rights of hunters. "In developing ATF's criteria, we recognize that a broad exemption will necessarily encompass many projectiles that may pose a danger to law enforcement officers," says the agency. "However, in developing a narrow sporting purposes test, ammunition in traditional hunting calibers will become regulated."
Kristen Rand, legislative director for the Violence Policy Center, a nonprofit group that works to reduce violence, says any change in the rule would be a mistake. "There is no rationale that would justify allowing the sale of any handgun ammunition that can pierce body armor and endanger first responders," she told Sunlight.
Comments are due by Dec. 31. A call to the ATF was not returned by the time of this posting. Sunlight has filed a Freedom of Information Act request for the comments submitted to the ATF, as well as records of the meetings the agency held with stakeholders.
2012年12月19日星期三
2012年12月11日星期二
Tungsten Copper Age Returns
How much thought have you given to copper recently? My guess is that the answer is “not much” or “none at all.” I’d probably have said the same myself until recently, when I read Bill Carter’s fascinating new book, Boom, Bust, Boom. Its central theme is the author’s ongoing struggle with his conscience: how is he to reconcile his disgust with the ugliness of the copper-mining industry -- the yawning pits, the sulfuric acid dripping through mountains of crushed rock, the acid mine drainage -- with his dependence on copper for every aspect of his everyday life? And that includes his dreams of a future economy powered by renewable energy.
I was forcefully reminded of Carter’s dilemma last week by a news item from newly democratic Myanmar, once known as Burma. It concerned a copper mine called Letpadaung. This began life as a 50-50 joint venture between a Canadian company, Ivanhoe Mines, and the military government of Myanmar. Two years ago, Ivanhoe’s share was bought out by a subsidiary of the giant state-owned Chinese company NORINCO -- the China North Industries Corporation. NORINCO is best known as a manufacturer of weapons systems for the People’s Liberation Army, though its tentacles also reach into engineering and infrastructure projects such as highways, dams, power plants, and subway systems; precision optics; retail vehicle sales; and microelectronics; as well as mining. Think of it as Halliburton, IBM, and Lockheed Martin all rolled into one.
Last Thursday, riot police used water cannons, tear gas, and incendiary devices to attack a peaceful encampment of protesters at the Letpadaung mine site -- an assortment of Buddhist monks, peasants complaining of illegal land seizures, and activists taking advantage of the country’s recent democratic opening -- who had been protesting for months against a proposed billion-dollar expansion. When the raid was over, dozens were injured; videos from a local hospital showed saffron-robed monks disfigured by burns.
This was just the latest in a string of similar events around the world. Five protesters against a new gold and copper mine were killed in Peru while I was there earlier this year (a story I tell in the current issue of OnEarth); a few weeks earlier, two more Peruvians had died during protests against another copper mine; and just days before the Myanmar attack, the Democratic Republic of Congo saw a new warlord and accused war criminal, Bosco "The Terminator" Ntaganda, seize control of the province of North Kivu. The endless bloodletting in North Kivu is explained by the fact that it contains some of the richest mineral deposits on the planet -- including copper, gold, cobalt, tungsten, and 70 percent of the world’s supply of tantalum, a mineral critical to our cell phones, tablets, and computers.
I was forcefully reminded of Carter’s dilemma last week by a news item from newly democratic Myanmar, once known as Burma. It concerned a copper mine called Letpadaung. This began life as a 50-50 joint venture between a Canadian company, Ivanhoe Mines, and the military government of Myanmar. Two years ago, Ivanhoe’s share was bought out by a subsidiary of the giant state-owned Chinese company NORINCO -- the China North Industries Corporation. NORINCO is best known as a manufacturer of weapons systems for the People’s Liberation Army, though its tentacles also reach into engineering and infrastructure projects such as highways, dams, power plants, and subway systems; precision optics; retail vehicle sales; and microelectronics; as well as mining. Think of it as Halliburton, IBM, and Lockheed Martin all rolled into one.
Last Thursday, riot police used water cannons, tear gas, and incendiary devices to attack a peaceful encampment of protesters at the Letpadaung mine site -- an assortment of Buddhist monks, peasants complaining of illegal land seizures, and activists taking advantage of the country’s recent democratic opening -- who had been protesting for months against a proposed billion-dollar expansion. When the raid was over, dozens were injured; videos from a local hospital showed saffron-robed monks disfigured by burns.
This was just the latest in a string of similar events around the world. Five protesters against a new gold and copper mine were killed in Peru while I was there earlier this year (a story I tell in the current issue of OnEarth); a few weeks earlier, two more Peruvians had died during protests against another copper mine; and just days before the Myanmar attack, the Democratic Republic of Congo saw a new warlord and accused war criminal, Bosco "The Terminator" Ntaganda, seize control of the province of North Kivu. The endless bloodletting in North Kivu is explained by the fact that it contains some of the richest mineral deposits on the planet -- including copper, gold, cobalt, tungsten, and 70 percent of the world’s supply of tantalum, a mineral critical to our cell phones, tablets, and computers.
2012年12月10日星期一
Tungsten Copper Rod
Tungsten copper rod is a combination of tungsten and copper.
The manufacturing process is as follows: press the refractory metal, sinter the pressed compact at a high temperature, and infiltrate it with copper. All this is done under very closely controlled conditions. The result is a relatively hard material with superior arc and wear resistance, high physical Properties: at elevated temperatures, and good electrical and thermal conductivity.
2012年12月9日星期日
Copper Tungsten Alloy Refractory Metal Composites
Eagle refractory metal composite materials are a combination of tungsten or tungsten carbide combined with copper or silver. The manufacturing process is to press the refractory (tungsten or tungsten carbide), sinter the pressed compact at a high temperature, and infiltrate with copper or silver. All this is done under very closely controlled conditions. The result is a relatively hard materials with superior arc and wear resistance, high physical properties at elevated temperatures, and good electrical and thermal conductivity.
2012年12月5日星期三
Tungsten Copper Military Shaped Charge Liner
Tungsten copper military shaped charge liner is part of armor-piercing projectile which plays an important role in action. Commonly used shaped charge liner is taper angle form. Generally, cone angle is ranging from 120 to 160 degrees.
Armor-piercing projectile rely on kinetic energy of the projectile to penetrate armor and destroy the target. Armor-piercing projectile are high velocity, long shooting distance and high precision of shooting, is the main ammunition of tank guns and the anti-tank guns. It also used in naval gun, coastal gun , anti-aircraft artillery and airborne cannon and used for mutilating tanks, self-propelled guns, armored vehicles, ships, aircraft, etc.
The theory of tungsten copper military shaped charge liner is called cavity effect .When the armor-piercing projectile detonates, the high temperature and high pressure instantaniously melting shaped charge ,then forming high temperature and speed metal jet which can sear even burnthrough the armored steel. So it is show that armor-piercing projectile take effective action by the cavity effect rather than rely on the kinetic energy.
Armor-piercing projectile’s armor ability is different when adopting different material of shaped charge. Copper used as material for shaped charge liner with low melting point and good ductility, however the density of copper is low and easily deformation, so it commonly mixed with tungsten to improve the density, which increase the armor ability of tungsten copper military shaped charge liner.
Armor-piercing projectile rely on kinetic energy of the projectile to penetrate armor and destroy the target. Armor-piercing projectile are high velocity, long shooting distance and high precision of shooting, is the main ammunition of tank guns and the anti-tank guns. It also used in naval gun, coastal gun , anti-aircraft artillery and airborne cannon and used for mutilating tanks, self-propelled guns, armored vehicles, ships, aircraft, etc.
The theory of tungsten copper military shaped charge liner is called cavity effect .When the armor-piercing projectile detonates, the high temperature and high pressure instantaniously melting shaped charge ,then forming high temperature and speed metal jet which can sear even burnthrough the armored steel. So it is show that armor-piercing projectile take effective action by the cavity effect rather than rely on the kinetic energy.
Armor-piercing projectile’s armor ability is different when adopting different material of shaped charge. Copper used as material for shaped charge liner with low melting point and good ductility, however the density of copper is low and easily deformation, so it commonly mixed with tungsten to improve the density, which increase the armor ability of tungsten copper military shaped charge liner.
Tungsten Copper Military Alloy
There are many methods making tungsten copper military alloy.
Traditionally, tungsten copper military alloy making commonly adopt copper permeability and liquid sintering technique. However as tungsten and copper indissolve each other and the sintering sex also poorer, it is difficult to implement fully sintering to optimize dense and form the uniform microstructure, and also hard to flexible adjustment of composition of copper tungsten. The followings are the commonly.
Infiltration Method
Infiltration method is that firstly prepare fixed density and strength of porous tungsten substrate skeleton, than infiltrate low melting point mental copper into the tungsten skeleton.
The mechanism of infiltration method is when the liquid copper wetting tungsten porous substrate, under capillary pressure, the liquid copper flow long with the particle’s porous skeleton and padding the porous skeleton, resulting in comprehensive good materials.
The merits of tungsten copper military alloy made from this method are high density, good sintering performance, good thermal and electricity conductivity. However, this tungsten copper military alloy needs further machining, which increase the machining cost, reduce the yield.
High temperature liquid sintering method
As there is a huge distance between the tungsten and copper of the melting point, so we can adopt high temperature liquid sintering method to make tungsten copper military alloy, through which densificate its density at the temperature higher than copper melting point.
This method’s advantage is that the processing is simple and easily control, while high sintering temperature, long sintering time and low sintering density which make the finished products can not meet the requirements of usage. In order to improve the density, repress, hot –press and hot forging after liquid sintering.
Arc melting method
Arc melting method is making into electrode with the copper tungsten, then melting in the arc furnace, so tiny grain, low density ,high densify and good corrosion resistance tungsten copper military alloy come out.
Traditionally, tungsten copper military alloy making commonly adopt copper permeability and liquid sintering technique. However as tungsten and copper indissolve each other and the sintering sex also poorer, it is difficult to implement fully sintering to optimize dense and form the uniform microstructure, and also hard to flexible adjustment of composition of copper tungsten. The followings are the commonly.
Infiltration Method
Infiltration method is that firstly prepare fixed density and strength of porous tungsten substrate skeleton, than infiltrate low melting point mental copper into the tungsten skeleton.
The mechanism of infiltration method is when the liquid copper wetting tungsten porous substrate, under capillary pressure, the liquid copper flow long with the particle’s porous skeleton and padding the porous skeleton, resulting in comprehensive good materials.
The merits of tungsten copper military alloy made from this method are high density, good sintering performance, good thermal and electricity conductivity. However, this tungsten copper military alloy needs further machining, which increase the machining cost, reduce the yield.
High temperature liquid sintering method
As there is a huge distance between the tungsten and copper of the melting point, so we can adopt high temperature liquid sintering method to make tungsten copper military alloy, through which densificate its density at the temperature higher than copper melting point.
This method’s advantage is that the processing is simple and easily control, while high sintering temperature, long sintering time and low sintering density which make the finished products can not meet the requirements of usage. In order to improve the density, repress, hot –press and hot forging after liquid sintering.
Arc melting method
Arc melting method is making into electrode with the copper tungsten, then melting in the arc furnace, so tiny grain, low density ,high densify and good corrosion resistance tungsten copper military alloy come out.
2012年12月4日星期二
Copper tungsten PCD disk erosion electrode
Our copper tungsten rotary electrode has high physical and mechanical properties to answer the PCD tools disk erosion need. We put lots of effort research and optimize our process to develop quality product for this application. Our copper tungsten alloys are designated as ASTM B702, RWMA Class 10, RWMA Class 11, RWMA Class 12, GB/T8320-2003.
Copper tungsten electrode for EDM PCD tools disk erosion has below advantage:
-High electrical conductivity and regular component maintain electrical plus generator stable.
-High thermal conductivity guarantee PCD without damage by heat.
-High density make sure PCD insert surface has the lowest roughness.
Copper tungsten Bi-Metal Alloy plate
Our copper tungsten bimetal product is created for EDM electrode and electrical contact rivet. Copper tungsten bi-metal plate is made by diffusing bonding technology. it is very reliable and cost saving solution can be quickly replaced without machine break down. Multiple electrode assembly bring the high efficiency of operation.
EDM copper tungsten bimetal electrode bond the copper tungsten and iron metal, iron side magnetic adsorption on the base working plate, and copper tungsten side maintain the good wearing to machining the precision mould working piece.
Copper tungsten thread tapping electrode
Copper tungsten thread tapping use for EDMing due to it unmatched wear resistance, together with very well in sharp corner and machined without burr issues associated with copper. Our copper tungsten alloy is made by PSI(press-sinter- infiltration) process which bring higher quality than the conventional PS(Mix.-press-sinter) process to virtually eliminates the alloy porosity issue.
Our Copper tungsten thread tapping has below advantage:
• Maturity press- sinter- infiltration process without porosity issue.
• High electrical conductivity get rapid cutting speed.
• Different tungsten ratio product available depend on the demanding.
Our Copper tungsten thread tapping has below advantage:
• Maturity press- sinter- infiltration process without porosity issue.
• High electrical conductivity get rapid cutting speed.
• Different tungsten ratio product available depend on the demanding.
订阅：
博文 (Atom)